Translations of Qur’aanic Verses 18.83 to 18.98:
83. And they ask you about Zulqarnain17. Say, “I will recite an account of him to you.”
84. We did indeed give him authority on earth and means to pursue any thing he did.
85. So he followed a means.
86. And when he reached a place at sunset, he found it set on a oligotrophic spring.18 And he found a people living near it. We said, “O Zulqarnain! Cause them to suffer or treat them well.”
87. He said, “We will punish only the one who is wicked. He shall then be returned to his Lord, and He will punish him with a severe punishment.”
88. And as for him who believes and does good deeds, he shall have good reward, and We will make Our command easy for him.
89. Then he followed another means.
90. And when he reached a place at sunrise, he found it rise on a community to whom We had given no shelter therefrom.19
91. And thus We had put a limit to the knowledge he (Zulqarnain) could have.20
92. Then he followed yet another means.
93. And when he reached a place between two mountains, he found beyond these a people who could hardly understand a word.
94. They said21, “O Zulqarnain! Gog and Magog do indeed make mischief in this land. Shall we then pay you the expenses for raising a barrier22 between us and them?”
95. Zulqarnain said, “What my Lord has given me is better than what you would give me. So you assist me with labour only and I will construct an obstruction between you and them.”
96. “Bring me iron sheets.” And when he had filled up the gap between the two mountain sides, he said, “Blow!” And when he had turned it red hot, he said, “Bring me molten brass to pour over it.”
97. So they were not able to scale it nor could they breach it.
98. He said, “This (construction of the barrier/gate) is a mercy from my Lord. But when the prophecy of my Lord comes to pass, He will level it to the ground, and the prophecy of my Lord has ever to come true.”
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Study Notes:
17. This is one of the personalities of the ancient times. Let us unquestioningly listen to what the Qur’aan says about him and not indulge in speculations. For, Allah is the only reliable source of information about those pre-historic times.
18. On the border between Albania and Macedonia in Europe there is a huge lake called Lake Ohrid fed by underground springs that issue through limestone rocks and its water is termed as oligotrophic i.e. unfit for sustaining life. On the eastern side of this lake is the city of Ohrid. If one were to observe sunset from this city, the sun would appear to set in this oligotrophic water issuing from said underground springs. So the description in this Verse tallies with the description of sunset as seen from Ohrid city. This is a clear sign that the Qur’aan is a divine Book. Prophet Muhammad (peace on him) or his companions living in Mecca in the 7th century A.D. could not have known about the geography of Ohrid in far off Europe.
19. Apparently, the community there lived on the open land. They had no houses built for themselves. They had no roofs over their heads. Zulqarnain had reached the end of human civilization. The community he came upon was that of wild animals.
20. Zulqarnain had been given the facility to improve the conditions of human peoples he came upon in his expeditions. But this facility did not extend to other animals. He could therefore do nothing, when he came upon a community of animals. There are indeed animals that live in large communities.
21. It may be that, although the people did not know the language spoken by Zulqarnain and his army, the latter knew the former’s language. Or, it may be that the ensuing conversation was carried on through interpreters or through signs. The Qur’aan is economical with words. It leaves many things to be understood through the context.
22. In the Wikipedia account of the travels of the Chinese Pilgrim Hioen Tsang, it is mentioned, “The pilgrim turned his face to the south to pass through Shar-i Sabz (Kesh) and an eastern spur of the Pamir Mountains. He entered the famous pass called The Iron Gates, 8 miles west of modern Derbent on the regular trade route from Samarkand to the Oxus and beyond to India.” Although the Iron Gates are not there any more, those did exist during the Chinese pilgrim’s travels in the 7th century A.D. The description of how the barrier was built as given in Verse 96 here tallies with the mention of the Iron Gates in the Chinese Pilgrim’s travelogue. And the fact, that the gates do no longer exist at the pass in the mountains, tallies with Verse 98 here, which is a prophecy come true. This is yet another sign that the Qur’aan is a divine Book.
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The above is extracted from yet-to-be-published Qur’aanic Studies - Volume XXXI. It will be published, in due course, inshaAllah on the website INVITATION TO SALVATION, in continuation of Volumes I to XXX already published and freely available thereon.